How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur? fro
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    The Story Of Village Palampur
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    Explain the disadvantages of using chemical fertilizers.

    The disadvantages of using chemical fertilizers are explained below:

    (i)Chemical fertilizers provide minerals which dissolve in water and soon after these are available to plants. But these may not retain in the soil for long. They may escape from the soil and pollute ground water, lakes and rivers.

    (ii)These can also kill bacteria and other micro-organisms in the soil which means some time after their use, the soil will be less fertile than ever before.

    (iii)The continuous use of chemical fertilizers has led to degradation of soil health.

    (iv)With the use of chemical fertilizers, the cost of cultivation is rising very fast.
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    On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tajpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?

    Savita got a loan of Rs. 3,000/- from Tajpal Singh at an interest rate of 24 percent for four months, which is very high interest rate. Savita also has to promise to work on Tajpal Singh's field as a farm labourer during the harvest season at Rs. 35 per day.

    As we can see, this wage is quite low. Savita knows that she will have to work very hard to complete the harvesting on her own field, and then work as a farm labourer for Tajpal Singh. The harvest time is very busy time. As a mother of three children she has a lot of household responsibilities. Savita agrees to these tough conditions as she knows getting a loan is difficult for a small farmer.

    Savita’s condition would be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest. From Bank's loan she has not to work at such a quite low wage rate.

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    What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.

    Following are the main ways of increasing production on the same piece of land:—

    (i)Production can be increased by using modern irrigation facilities.

    (ii)Production can be increased by using HYV seeds.

    (iii)Production can also be increased by using chemicals like weedicides and pesticides and by  using fertilizers.

    (iv)Production can also be increased by using modern machinery such as tractors, combines, threshers, drilling machines, motors etc.

    (v)Production can be increased by using fertilizers.

    Example: In Palampur, the yield of wheat grown from the traditional varieties was 1300 kg per hectare. With the HYV seeds, the yield went up to 3200 kg per hectare. There was a large increase in the production of wheat.


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    How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

    The spread of electricity has helped farmers in Palampur in following ways:

    (i)Electric-run tubewells can Irrigate much larger areas of land.

    (ii)Electricity has transformed the system of Irrigation.

    (iii)Electricity has reduce the pollution because it is a cheap and pollution free source of Irrigation.

    (iv)The persian wheels are being replaced by tubewells.

    (v) It also helps the farmers by threshing and drilling of crops.
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    Which states farmers were the first to try modern farming methods in India? Describe the method used by them.

    The farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modern farming methods in India.

    The method used by them:

    (i)They set up tubewells for irrigation.

    (ii)They made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming.

    (iii)They made ploughing and harvesting easier by using tractors and threshers.
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